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CLOSE
I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
The concluding part of any performance
Synonyms:
close; closing curtain; finale; finis
Classified under:
Nouns denoting acts or actions
Hypernyms ("close" is a kind of...):
finish; finishing (the act of finishing)
Derivation:
close (come to a close)
Sense 2
Meaning:
The last section of a communication
Example:
in conclusion I want to say...
Synonyms:
close; closing; conclusion; end; ending
Classified under:
Nouns denoting communicative processes and contents
Hypernyms ("close" is a kind of...):
section; subdivision (a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical))
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "close"):
anticlimax; bathos (a change from a serious subject to a disappointing one)
epilog; epilogue (a short passage added at the end of a literary work)
epilog; epilogue (a short speech (often in verse) addressed directly to the audience by an actor at the end of a play)
peroration ((rhetoric) the concluding section of an oration)
coda; finale (the closing section of a musical composition)
Holonyms ("close" is a part of...):
narration; recital; yarn (the act of giving an account describing incidents or a course of events)
address; speech (the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience)
Sense 3
Meaning:
The temporal end; the concluding time
Example:
they were playing better at the close of the season
Synonyms:
close; conclusion; finale; finis; finish; last; stopping point
Classified under:
Nouns denoting time and temporal relations
Hypernyms ("close" is a kind of...):
end; ending (the point in time at which something ends)
Derivation:
close (finish or terminate (meetings, speeches, etc.))
close (cease to operate or cause to cease operating)
close (come to a close)
II. (adjective)
Sense 1
Meaning:
Marked by fidelity to an original
Example:
a faithful rendering of the observed facts
Synonyms:
close; faithful
Classified under:
Similar:
accurate (conforming exactly or almost exactly to fact or to a standard or performing with total accuracy)
Sense 2
Meaning:
Rigorously attentive; strict and thorough
Example:
kept a close watch on expenditures
Classified under:
Similar:
careful (exercising caution or showing care or attention)
Sense 3
Meaning:
Not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances
Example:
had a close call
Synonyms:
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
adjacent (near or close to but not necessarily touching)
nearby (close at hand)
warm (of a seeker; near to the object sought)
hot (of a seeker; very near to the object sought)
Attribute:
distance (the property created by the space between two objects or points)
Derivation:
closeness (the spatial property resulting from a relatively small distance)
Sense 4
Meaning:
At or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other
Example:
a close formation of ships
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
walk-to; walking (close enough to be walked to)
scalelike (reduced to a small appressed thing that resembles a scale)
proximate (very close in space or time)
nestled; snuggled (drawn or pressed close to someone or something for or as if for affection or protection)
juxtaposed (placed side by side often for comparison)
hand-to-hand (being at close quarters)
enveloping (surrounding and closing in on or hemming in)
circumferent; encompassing; surrounding (closely encircling)
contiguous; immediate (very close or connected in space or time)
close-set; close set (set close together)
close-hauled (having the sails trimmed for sailing as close to the wind as possible)
at hand; close at hand (close in space; within reach)
at hand; close at hand; imminent; impendent; impending (close in time; about to occur)
approximate; close together (located close together)
adpressed; appressed (pressed close to or lying flat against something)
ambient (completely enveloping)
adjacent; next; side by side (nearest in space or position; immediately adjoining without intervening space)
Attribute:
distance (the property created by the space between two objects or points)
Antonym:
distant (separated in space or coming from or going to a distance)
Derivation:
closeness (the spatial property resulting from a relatively small distance)
Sense 5
Meaning:
Close in relevance or relationship
Example:
a close resemblance
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
intimate (marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity)
familiar; intimate (having mutual interests or affections; of established friendship)
dear; good; near (with or in a close or intimate relationship)
cozy (suggesting connivance)
confidential (denoting confidence or intimacy)
close-knit; closely knit (held together as by social or cultural ties)
buddy-buddy; chummy; thick ((used informally) associated on close terms)
boon (very close and convivial)
approximate; near (very close in resemblance)
Antonym:
distant (far apart in relevance or relationship or kinship)
Derivation:
closeness (a feeling of being intimate and belonging together)
Sense 6
Meaning:
Inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information
Example:
although they knew her whereabouts her friends kept close about it
Synonyms:
close; closelipped; closemouthed; secretive; tightlipped
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
incommunicative; uncommunicative (not inclined to talk or give information or express opinions)
Derivation:
closeness (characterized by a lack of openness (especially about one's actions or purposes))
Sense 7
Meaning:
Crowded
Example:
close quarters
Synonyms:
close; confining
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
confined (not free to move about)
Sense 8
Meaning:
(of a contest or contestants) evenly matched
Example:
a tight game
Synonyms:
close; tight
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
equal (having the same quantity, value, or measure as another)
Sense 9
Meaning:
Giving or spending with reluctance
Example:
a penny-pinching miserly old man
Synonyms:
cheeseparing; close; near; penny-pinching; skinny
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
stingy; ungenerous (unwilling to spend (money, time, resources, etc.))
Derivation:
closeness (extreme stinginess)
Sense 10
Meaning:
Used of hair or haircuts
Example:
a close military haircut
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
short ((primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length)
Sense 11
Meaning:
Fitting closely but comfortably
Example:
a close fit
Synonyms:
close; close-fitting; snug
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
tight (closely constrained or constricted or constricting)
Sense 12
Meaning:
Confined to specific persons
Example:
a close secret
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
private (confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy)
Sense 13
Meaning:
Strictly confined or guarded
Example:
kept under close custody
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
restrained (under restraint)
Sense 14
Meaning:
Of textiles
Example:
smooth percale with a very tight weave
Synonyms:
close; tight
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
fine (of textures that are smooth to the touch or substances consisting of relatively small particles)
Sense 15
Meaning:
Lacking fresh air
Example:
hot and stuffy and the air was blue with smoke
Synonyms:
airless; close; stuffy; unaired
Classified under:
Adjectives
Similar:
unventilated (not ventilated)
III. (verb)
Verb forms
Present simple: I / you / we / they close ... he / she / it closes
Past simple: closed
Past participle: closed
-ing form: closing
Sense 1
Meaning:
Finish a game in baseball by protecting a lead
Example:
The relief pitcher closed with two runs in the second inning
Classified under:
Verbs of size, temperature change, intensifying, etc.
Hypernyms (to "close" is one way to...):
complete; finish (come or bring to a finish or an end)
Sentence frame:
Somebody ----s
Sense 2
Meaning:
Complete a business deal, negotiation, or an agreement
Example:
They closed the deal on the building
Classified under:
Verbs of telling, asking, ordering, singing
Hypernyms (to "close" is one way to...):
end; terminate (bring to an end or halt)
Sentence frames:
Somebody ----s
Somebody ----s something
Sense 3
Meaning:
Unite or bring into contact or bring together the edges of
Example:
close up an umbrella
Synonyms:
close; close up
Classified under:
Verbs of touching, hitting, tying, digging
Hypernyms (to "close" is one way to...):
join (cause to become joined or linked)
Sentence frame:
Somebody ----s something
Derivation:
closing (approaching a particular destination; a coming closer; a narrowing of a gap)
Sense 4
Meaning:
Move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut
Example:
shut the window
Synonyms:
close; shut
Classified under:
Verbs of touching, hitting, tying, digging
Cause:
close; shut (become closed)
Verb group:
close; shut (become closed)
Troponyms (each of the following is one way to "close"):
seal; seal off (make tight; secure against leakage)
bung (close with a cork or stopper)
roll up (close (a car window) by causing it to move up, as with a handle)
draw (move or pull so as to cover or uncover something)
shutter (close with shutters)
slat (close the slats of (windows))
snap (close with a snapping motion)
Sentence frames:
Somebody ----s something
Something ----s something
Sentence example:
They want to close the doors
Antonym:
open (cause to open or to become open)
Derivation:
closing (the act of closing something)
closure (the act of blocking)
Sense 5
Meaning:
Become closed
Example:
The windows closed with a loud bang
Synonyms:
close; shut
Classified under:
Verbs of touching, hitting, tying, digging
Hypernyms (to "close" is one way to...):
change state; turn (undergo a transformation or a change of position or action)
Verb group:
close; shut (move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut)
Sentence frame:
Something ----s
Sentence example:
The doors close
Antonym:
open (become open)
Derivation:
closing (the act of closing something)
Sense 6
Meaning:
Fill or stop up
Example:
Can you close the cracks with caulking?
Synonyms:
close; fill up
Classified under:
Verbs of touching, hitting, tying, digging
Hypernyms (to "close" is one way to...):
fill (plug with a substance)
Troponyms (each of the following is one way to "close"):
seal (close with or as if with a seal)
plug; secure; stop up (fill or close tightly with or as if with a plug)
coapt; conglutinate (cause to adhere)
Sentence frame:
Somebody ----s something
Derivation:
closure (the act of blocking)
closing (the act of closing something)
Sense 7
Meaning:
Bar access to
Example:
Due to the accident, the road had to be closed for several hours
Classified under:
Verbs of touching, hitting, tying, digging
Hypernyms (to "close" is one way to...):
bar; barricade; block; block off; block up; blockade; stop (render unsuitable for passage)
Sentence frame:
Somebody ----s something
Derivation:
closing (the act of closing something)
closure (the act of blocking)
Sense 8
Meaning:
Bring together all the elements or parts of
Example:
Management closed ranks
Classified under:
Verbs of touching, hitting, tying, digging
Hypernyms (to "close" is one way to...):
join (cause to become joined or linked)
Sentence frames:
Somebody ----s something
Somebody ----s somebody
Something ----s somebody
Something ----s something
Sense 9
Meaning:
Draw near
Example:
The probe closed with the space station
Classified under:
Verbs of walking, flying, swimming
Hypernyms (to "close" is one way to...):
approach; come near; come on; draw close; draw near; go up; near (move towards)
Sentence frames:
Something ----s
Somebody ----s
Derivation:
closing; closure (approaching a particular destination; a coming closer; a narrowing of a gap)
Sense 10
Meaning:
Come together, as if in an embrace
Example:
Her arms closed around her long lost relative
Synonyms:
close; come together
Classified under:
Verbs of walking, flying, swimming
Hypernyms (to "close" is one way to...):
move (move so as to change position, perform a nontranslational motion)
Sentence frame:
Something is ----ing PP
Sense 11
Meaning:
Change one's body stance so that the forward shoulder and foot are closer to the intended point of impact
Classified under:
Verbs of walking, flying, swimming
Hypernyms (to "close" is one way to...):
move (move so as to change position, perform a nontranslational motion)
Domain category:
ball game; ballgame (a field game played with a ball (especially baseball))
Sentence frame:
Somebody ----s
Sense 12
Meaning:
Cause a window or an application to disappear on a computer desktop
Classified under:
Verbs of seeing, hearing, feeling
Hypernyms (to "close" is one way to...):
end; terminate (be the end of; be the last or concluding part of)
Sentence frame:
Somebody ----s something
Antonym:
open (display the contents of a file or start an application as on a computer)
Derivation:
closing (the act of closing something)
closure (termination of operations)
Sense 13
Meaning:
Engage at close quarters
Example:
close with the enemy
Classified under:
Verbs of political and social activities and events
Hypernyms (to "close" is one way to...):
engage; prosecute; pursue (carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in)
Sentence frame:
Somebody ----s PP
Derivation:
closing (approaching a particular destination; a coming closer; a narrowing of a gap)
Sense 14
Meaning:
Finish or terminate (meetings, speeches, etc.)
Example:
The meeting was closed with a charge by the chairman of the board
Classified under:
Verbs of political and social activities and events
Hypernyms (to "close" is one way to...):
end; terminate (bring to an end or halt)
Sentence frames:
Somebody ----s something
Something ----s something
Antonym:
open (begin or set in action, of meetings, speeches, recitals, etc.)
Derivation:
closure (termination of operations)
closing (a concluding action)
close (the temporal end; the concluding time)
Sense 15
Meaning:
Cease to operate or cause to cease operating
Example:
close up the shop
Synonyms:
close; close down; close up; fold; shut down
Classified under:
Verbs of political and social activities and events
Troponyms (each of the following is one way to "close"):
adjourn; retire; withdraw (break from a meeting or gathering)
Sentence frames:
Something ----s
Somebody ----s something
Sentence example:
The business is going to close
Antonym:
open (start to operate or function or cause to start operating or functioning)
Derivation:
close (the temporal end; the concluding time)
closer (a person who closes something)
closing; closure (termination of operations)
Sense 16
Meaning:
Come to a close
Example:
The concert closed with a nocturne by Chopin
Synonyms:
close; conclude
Classified under:
Verbs of being, having, spatial relations
Hypernyms (to "close" is one way to...):
cease; end; finish; stop; terminate (have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical)
Sentence frames:
Something ----s
Something is ----ing PP
Derivation:
closing (the last section of a communication)
closing (a concluding action)
close (the temporal end; the concluding time)
close (the concluding part of any performance)
Sense 17
Meaning:
Be priced or listed when trading stops
Example:
My new stocks closed at $59 last night
Classified under:
Verbs of being, having, spatial relations
Hypernyms (to "close" is one way to...):
trade (be traded at a certain price or under certain conditions)
Sentence frame:
Something is ----ing PP
IV. (adverb)
Sense 1
Meaning:
Near in time or place or relationship
Example:
don't get too close to the fire
Synonyms:
close; near; nigh
Classified under:
Sense 2
Meaning:
In an attentive manner
Example:
he remained close on his guard
Synonyms:
close; closely; tight
Classified under:
Context examples:
He walked nearer than a hundred paces to it, and yet he did not become fixed as before, but found that he could go quite close up to the door.
(Fairy Tales, by The Brothers Grimm)
“Three shots were fired on this side. I saw the three flashes—two close together—one farther to the west.”
(Treasure Island, by Robert Louis Stevenson)
By ten o’clock, when the shops were closed, the by-street was very solitary and, in spite of the low growl of London from all round, very silent.
(The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde, by Robert Louis Stevenson)
Holmes leaned back in his chair with half-closed eyes.
(His Last Bow, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle)
Heavy misfortunes have befallen us, but let us only cling closer to what remains and transfer our love for those whom we have lost to those who yet live.
(Frankenstein, by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley)
Close by the stern stood Black Simon with the pennon of the house of Loring.
(The White Company, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle)
On the other hand, a touch of madness, real or assumed, was a passport through doors which were closed to wisdom and to virtue.
(Rodney Stone, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle)
Though astronomers are uncertain of the shape and temperature of coronas, they know that they contain particles that move close to the speed of light.
(NuSTAR sees rare blurring of black hole light, NASA)
However, on closer inspection, the tail was apparent.
(Dinosaur Tail Found in Myanmar, VOA News)
In some cases, the deaths are a result of carbon starvation, in which trees close their pores, essentially starving themselves by blocking the entry of carbon, which is needed for photosynthesis.
(What's killing trees during droughts?, National Science Foundation)
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