| / English Dictionary |
COHORT
| Pronunciation (US): |  | (GB): | |
I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
A group of people having approximately the same age
Synonyms:
age bracket; age group; cohort
Classified under:
Nouns denoting groupings of people or objects
Hypernyms ("cohort" is a kind of...):
people ((plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "cohort"):
aged; elderly (people who are old collectively)
young; youth (young people collectively)
Sense 2
Meaning:
A band of warriors (originally a unit of a Roman Legion)
Classified under:
Nouns denoting groupings of people or objects
Hypernyms ("cohort" is a kind of...):
band; circle; lot; set (an unofficial association of people or groups)
Sense 3
Meaning:
A company of companions or supporters
Classified under:
Nouns denoting groupings of people or objects
Hypernyms ("cohort" is a kind of...):
company (a social gathering of guests or companions)
II. (verb)
Sense 1
Present simple (first person singular and plural, second person singular and plural, third person plural) of the verb cohort
Context examples:
A team led by researchers at the University of Cambridge studied data from the ADDITION-Cambridge trial, a prospective cohort study of 867 people with newly diagnosed diabetes aged 40 and 69 years.
(Type 2 diabetes remission possible with ‘achievable’ weight loss, University of Cambridge)
For the work, a cohort of 541 9- to 11-year-olds in China, 54 percent boys and 46 percent girls, completed a questionnaire about how often they consumed fish in the past month, with options ranging from never to at least once per week.
(Weekly Fish Consumption Linked to Better Sleep, Higher IQ, The Titi Tudorancea Bulletin)
EXAMPLE(S): randomization, direct assignment based on eligibility criteria, etc. For escalating dose cohort studies, enroll subjects in successive arms, i.e., one arm is completely filled before any subjects are enrolled in the next arm.
(Defined Experimental Unit Allocation, NCI Thesaurus/BRIDG)
Also called retrospective cohort study.
(Historic cohort study, NCI Dictionary)
In the latest study, the researchers worked with a cohort of 69 patients with Crohn’s disease to see whether it was possible to develop a useful, scaleable test by looking at whole blood samples in conjunction with CD8 T-cells and using widely-available technology.
(New prognostic test could enable personalised treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, University of Cambridge)
Studies of this type incorporate the strengths of both cohort and case-control studies but eliminates a portion of the methodologic challenges inherent in both types of studies.
(Nested Case-control Study, NCI Thesaurus)
These women report on exposures and disease outcomes every two years and follow-up in the cohort has been maintained at a level of better than 90% through 1990.
(Nurses' Health Study, NCI Thesaurus)
We identified a clear dose–response relationship between this widely used treatment and long-term risk of death from solid cancer, including breast cancer, in the largest cohort study to date of patients treated for hyperthyroidism, said Cari Kitahara, Ph.D., of NCI’s Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, lead author of the study . We estimated that for every 1,000 patients treated currently using a standard range of doses, about 20 to 30 additional solid cancer deaths would occur as a result of the radiation exposure.
(Long-term increased risk of cancer death following common treatment for hyperthyroidism, National Institutes of Health)
Cohort members initially resided in 11 geographically dispersed states representing the Northeast (Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland), Northcentral (Ohio, Michigan), the West (California) and the South (Texas, Florida); although the majority of participants still reside in the original 11 states, members of the cohort currently live in all 50 states.
(Nurses' Health Study, NCI Thesaurus)
In the new analysis — which included nearly 19,000 people from the original cohort, all of whom had received RAI and none of whom had had cancer at study entry — the researchers used a novel, comprehensive method of estimating radiation doses to each organ or tissue.
(Long-term increased risk of cancer death following common treatment for hyperthyroidism, National Institutes of Health)
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