| / English Dictionary |
CYTOCHROME C
| Pronunciation (US): |  | (GB): | |
I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
The most abundant and stable cytochrome; involved in energy transfer
Classified under:
Hypernyms ("cytochrome c" is a kind of...):
cytochrome ((biochemistry) a class of hemoprotein whose principal biological function is electron transfer (especially in cellular respiration))
Context examples:
The permeability transition releases several factors including cytochrome c, AIF and other factors in to the cytoplasm.
(Apoptosis DNA Damage Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
In addition, in the hypoxic conditions found within tumors, the excess electrons can generate free radicals within mitochondria and could induce both cytochrome c release and apoptosis.
(Alpha-lipoic Acid-Palladium/Vitamin/Mineral Supplement, NCI Thesaurus)
AIF is both a mitochondrial intermembrane flavoprotein with oxidoreductase activity and a caspase-independent death effector that, similar to cytochrome c, is released from mitochondria early in the apoptotic process.
(Apoptosis Inducer BZL101, NCI Thesaurus)
Mitochondria are involved in apoptotic signaling in other ways as well, through the release of cytochrome c induced by Bid to activate the caspase protease cascade.
(Apoptotic DNA Fragmentation Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
Bax, another Bcl-2 family member, is activated by this pathway to localize to the mitochondrial membrane and increase its permeability, releasing cytochrome c and other mitochondrial proteins.
(Mitochondria in Apoptotic Signaling Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
This allele, which encodes protein AF1q, plays a role in both depolarization of and release of cytochrome c by the mitochondrion.
(MLLT11 wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)
ROS generation in mitochondria activates caspase-3 via cooperation of cytochrome c, Aif and caspase-9 and stimulates or increases ceramide generation through A-SMase in a proapoptotic activation cycle.
(Ceramide Signaling Pathway BioCarta, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
The mitochondrial stress pathway begins with the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, which then interacts with Apaf-1, causing self-cleavage and activation of caspase-9.
(Caspase Cascade Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
The intrinsic pathway occurs when various apoptotic stimuli trigger the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria (independently of caspase-8 activation).
(Apoptosis Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/KEGG)
Overexpression of mtCLIC by transient transfection reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, releases cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, activates caspases, and induces apoptosis. mtCLIC is additive with Bax in inducing apoptosis without a physical association of the two proteins.
(Chloride Intracellular Channel 4, NCI Thesaurus)
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