| / English Dictionary |
CYTOKINE
| Pronunciation (US): |  | (GB): | |
I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
Any of various protein molecules secreted by cells of the immune system that serve to regulate the immune system
Classified under:
Hypernyms ("cytokine" is a kind of...):
protein (any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "cytokine"):
TNF; tumor necrosis factor; tumour necrosis factor (a proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by white blood cells (monocytes and macrophages); has an antineoplastic effect but causes inflammation (as in rheumatoid arthritis))
lymphokine (a cytokine secreted by helper T cells in response to stimulation by antigens and that acts on other cells of the immune system (as by activating macrophages))
Context examples:
CXCLs are small cytokines in the CXC chemokine family that are overexpressed in certain cancers; CXCL-mediated signaling plays a key role in angiogenesis and tumor progression.
(Naphthalimide Analogue UNBS5162, NCI Thesaurus)
Upon intratumoral administration, the prolonged expression of IFN-g by adenovirus-interferon-gamma TG1042 promotes a T helper type 1 (Th1-type) immune response and inhibits the Th2-mediated cytokine production observed in many cutaneous lymphomas.
(Adenovirus-Interferon-Gamma TG1042, NCI Thesaurus)
A recombinant analog of the endogenous cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) with immunoregulatory and antineoplastic activities.
(Aldesleukin, NCI Thesaurus)
It is a form of interleukin-2, a cytokine made by leukocytes (white blood cells), that is made in the laboratory.
(Aldesleukin, NCI Dictionary)
Various forms of mutated Ras peptides-adjuvant are used as vaccine along with cytokines that could potentially enhance the body's immunological response in many neoplastic conditions.
(Mutated Ras Peptide, NCI Thesaurus)
Stimulation of GHSR may also reduce the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and interleukin-6, which may play a direct role in cancer-related loss of appetite.
(Anamorelin, NCI Thesaurus)
The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a major mediator of cytokine activity and is often dysregulated in a variety of tumor cell types.
(Momelotinib, NCI Thesaurus)
Blood stem cells found in the circulation after being stimulated to leave the bone marrow, usually by treatment with a cytokine or other drug.
(Mobilized Peripheral Blood Stem Cell, NCI Thesaurus)
A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a pro-angiogenic cytokine.
(Monoclonal Antibody HuMV833, NCI Thesaurus)
Monocytes made cytotoxic by ex vivo incubation with cytokines, especially interferon-gamma.
(Monocyte, Activated Killer, NLM, Medical Subject Headings)
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