| / English Dictionary |
DOWNSTREAM
| Pronunciation (US): |  | (GB): | |
I. (adjective)
Sense 1
Meaning:
In the direction of a stream's current
Classified under:
Antonym:
upstream (in the direction against a stream's current)
II. (adverb)
Sense 1
Meaning:
Away from the source or with the current
Synonyms:
downriver; downstream
Classified under:
Antonym:
upstream (toward the source or against the current)
Context examples:
Midway in the passage, the current picked up the cub and swept him downstream.
(White Fang, by Jack London)
Initiation of B lymphocyte activation is dependent on the tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent formation of multi-molecular effector protein complexes that activate downstream signaling pathways.
(BCR Signaling Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
The main signaling mechanism used by GPCRs is to interact with G-protein GTPase proteins coupled to downstream second messenger systems including intracellular calcium release and cAMP production.
(Bioactive Peptide Signaling Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
TRAF-6 induces several downstream signaling events, including activation of NF-kB, c-Fos and the kinase JNK1.
(Bone Remodeling Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
Upon administration, OTS167 binds to MELK, which prevents both MELK phosphorylation and activation; thus inhibiting the phosphorylation of downstream MELK substrates.
(MELK Inhibitor OTS167, NCI Thesaurus)
As members of the TNF receptor gene family, BCMA and TACI interact with TRAF family members to transduce signals downstream to NF-kappaB activation and MAP kinase pathways.
(B-Cell Immune Response Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
BAIAP2 also associates with a downstream effector of Rho small G proteins, which is associated with the formation of stress fibers and cytokinesis.
(BAI1-Associated Protein 2, NCI Thesaurus)
This protein was found to be associated with the death domain of tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (TNF-R1) and death receptor-3 (DR3), and thereby negatively regulates downstream cell death signaling.
(BCL2-associated Athanogene 4, NCI Thesaurus/LocusLink)
The downstream effectors of the ras pathway include activation of fos and jun to form AP-1, activating genes through this transcription factor.
(Nerve Growth Factor Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
Snowmelt also provides water resources to downstream communities.
(Earlier snowmelt decreases streamflow, reduces forests' ability to regulate atmospheric carbon dioxide, NSF)
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