| / English Dictionary |
IRRADIATION
| Pronunciation (US): |  | (GB): | |
I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
(medicine) the treatment of disease (especially cancer) by exposure to a radioactive substance
Synonyms:
actinotherapy; irradiation; radiation; radiation therapy; radiotherapy
Classified under:
Nouns denoting acts or actions
Hypernyms ("irradiation" is a kind of...):
therapy ((medicine) the act of caring for someone (as by medication or remedial training etc.))
Domain category:
medical specialty; medicine (the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "irradiation"):
phototherapy (the use of strong light to treat acne or hyperbilirubinemia of the newborn)
Curietherapy; radium therapy (the use of radium in radiation therapy)
X-ray therapy (the therapeutic use of X rays)
Sense 2
Meaning:
(Pavolvian conditioning) the elicitation of a conditioned response by stimulation similar but not identical to the original stimulus
Classified under:
Nouns denoting cognitive processes and contents
Hypernyms ("irradiation" is a kind of...):
generalisation; generalization; stimulus generalisation; stimulus generalization ((psychology) transfer of a response learned to one stimulus to a similar stimulus)
Sense 3
Meaning:
The apparent enlargement of a bright object when viewed against a dark background
Classified under:
Nouns denoting cognitive processes and contents
Hypernyms ("irradiation" is a kind of...):
illusion; semblance (an erroneous mental representation)
Sense 4
Meaning:
(physiology) the spread of sensory neural impulses in the cortex
Classified under:
Hypernyms ("irradiation" is a kind of...):
spread; spreading (process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space)
Domain category:
physiology (the branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organisms)
Sense 5
Meaning:
A column of light (as from a beacon)
Synonyms:
beam; beam of light; irradiation; light beam; ray; ray of light; shaft; shaft of light
Classified under:
Nouns denoting natural phenomena
Hypernyms ("irradiation" is a kind of...):
light; visible light; visible radiation ((physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "irradiation"):
heat ray (a ray that produces a thermal effect)
high beam (the beam of a car's headlights that provides distant illumination)
moon-ray; moon ray; moonbeam (a ray of moonlight)
sunbeam; sunray (a ray of sunlight)
laser beam (a beam of light generated by a laser)
low beam (the beam of a car's headlights that provides illumination for a short distance)
Derivation:
irradiate (cast rays of light upon)
Sense 6
Meaning:
The condition of being exposed to radiation
Classified under:
Nouns denoting stable states of affairs
Hypernyms ("irradiation" is a kind of...):
condition; status (a state at a particular time)
Derivation:
irradiate (expose to radiation)
Context examples:
X-Ray dose data accumulated over multiple irradiation events (e.g., for a study or a performed procedure step).
(Accumulated X-Ray Dose Data, NCI Thesaurus/DICOM)
Accelerated partial-breast irradiation may be given using internal or external sources of radiation.
(Accelerated partial-breast irradiation, NCI Dictionary)
They studied whether the protective function of URI was also effective in vivo and whether it was capable of mitigating the effects of high-dose irradiation, and hence, gastrointestinal syndrome.
(New Way Discovered for Protecting against High-Dose Radiation Damage, The Titi Tudorancea Bulletin)
The administration of high-dose chemotherapy, with or without total body irradiation, to eradicate the underlying disease and/or ablate the immune system of the patient.
(Myeloablative chemotherapy, NCI Thesaurus)
Meanwhile, JPL scientist Kevin Hand had used sample ocean salts, bombarded by radiation in a laboratory under Europa-like conditions, and found that several new and distinct features arose in sodium chloride after irradiation.
(Table Salt Compound Spotted on Europa, NASA)
But due to strong irradiation on the planet's daysides, temperatures there get so intense that water molecules are completely torn apart.
(Water Is Destroyed, Then Reborn in Ultrahot Jupiters, NASA/JPL)
In vivo, ergocalciferol is formed after sun (ultraviolet) irradiation of plant-derived ergosterol, another form of vitamin D. Ergocalciferol is the form of vitamin D usually found in vitamin supplements.
(Ergocalciferol, NCI Thesaurus)
During step 1, the conditioning regimen (irradiation and/or chemotherapy) leads to damage, activation of host tissues and induction of inflammatory cytokines [tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL-1)] secretion.
(Graft-Versus-Host Disease Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/KEGG)
When injected back into the patient, autologous expanded mesenchymal stem cells OTI-010 may differentiate into various mesenchyme-derived cell types and, in some instances, may augment bone marrow engraftment after whole-body irradiation.
(autologous expanded mesenchymal stem cells OTI-010, NCI Thesaurus)
After a patient’s bone marrow is destroyed by treatment with whole body irradiation or chemotherapy, these cells are injected back into the patient to help rebuild bone marrow.
(autologous expanded mesenchymal stem cells OTI-010, NCI Dictionary)
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