| / English Dictionary |
RNA
| Pronunciation (US): |  | (GB): | |
I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
(biochemistry) a long linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes; it transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain chemical processes in the cell
Example:
ribonucleic acid is the genetic material of some viruses
Synonyms:
Classified under:
Hypernyms ("RNA" is a kind of...):
polymer (a naturally occurring or synthetic compound consisting of large molecules made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers)
Meronyms (parts of "RNA"):
nucleic acid ((biochemistry) any of various macromolecules composed of nucleotide chains that are vital constituents of all living cells)
Meronyms (substance of "RNA"):
ribose (a pentose sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid)
A; adenine ((biochemistry) purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA)
C; cytosine (a base found in DNA and RNA and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with guanine)
G; guanine (a purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with cytosine)
U; uracil (a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine)
Domain category:
biochemistry (the organic chemistry of compounds and processes occurring in organisms; the effort to understand biology within the context of chemistry)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "RNA"):
informational RNA; messenger RNA; mRNA; template RNA (the template for protein synthesis; the form of RNA that carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome sites of protein synthesis in the cell)
nRNA; nuclear RNA (ribonucleic acid found in the nucleolus of the cell)
acceptor RNA; soluble RNA; transfer RNA; tRNA (RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according to directions coded in the mRNA))
Context examples:
The genome is composed of a linear, single-strand of positive sense RNA.
(Alphavirus, NCI Thesaurus)
This allele, which encodes MIR124-1 RNA, plays a role in many cancers, including lung, colorectal, breast, leukemia, meduloblastoma and glioblastoma multiforme.
(MIR124-1 wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)
Aminoglycoside antibiotics bind to the 16S RNA of the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting translation and protein synthesis.
(Aminoglycoside antibiotic, NCI Thesaurus)
Melphalan alkylates DNA at the N7 position of guanine and induces DNA inter-strand cross-linkages, resulting in the inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis and cytotoxicity against both dividing and non-dividing tumor cells.
(Melphalan, NCI Thesaurus)
This allele, which encodes MIR1-1 RNA, plays roles in lung and liver cancers, as well as cardiomyopathy, cardiac hypertrophy and coronary artery disease.
(MIR1-1 wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)
The interaction of AKAP95 with the p68 RNA helicase recruits this enzyme to the nuclear matrix during interphase.
(AKAP8 in Mitosis Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
A cancer vaccine consisting of autologous dendritic cells loaded with separate preparations of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cell lysate and AML-specific messenger RNA (mRNA) with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities.
(AML mRNA Positive Lysate Loaded Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine, NCI Thesaurus)
This allele, which encodes AF4/FMR2 family member 1 protein, is involved in the modulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II.
(AFF1 wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)
Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA.
(Adenosine, NLM, Medical Subject Headings)
This allele, which encodes MIR17 RNA, plays a role in many cancers, including lung, liver, colorectal, thyroid, breast, neuroblastoma, leukemia and lymphoma.
(MIR17 wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)
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