/ English Dictionary

SUGAR

Pronunciation (US):

(GB):

 I. (noun) 

Sense 1

Meaning:

A white crystalline carbohydrate used as a sweetener and preservative

Synonyms:

refined sugar; sugar

Classified under:

Nouns denoting foods and drinks

Hypernyms ("sugar" is a kind of...):

sweetener; sweetening (something added to foods to make them taste sweeter)

Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "sugar"):

caramel; caramelized sugar (burnt sugar; used to color and flavor food)

lump sugar (refined sugar molded into rectangular shapes convenient as single servings)

loaf sugar; sugar loaf; sugarloaf (a large conical loaf of concentrated refined sugar)

cane sugar (sugar from sugarcane used as sweetening agent)

granulated sugar (sugar in the form of small grains)

beet sugar (sugar from sugar beets used as sweetening agent)

corn sugar (dextrose used as sweetening agent)

brown sugar (unrefined or only partly refined sugar)

Derivation:

sugar (sweeten with sugar)

Sense 2

Meaning:

Informal terms for money

Synonyms:

boodle; bread; cabbage; clams; dinero; dough; gelt; kale; lettuce; lolly; loot; lucre; moolah; pelf; scratch; shekels; simoleons; sugar; wampum

Classified under:

Nouns denoting possession and transfer of possession

Hypernyms ("sugar" is a kind of...):

money (the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender)

Sense 3

Meaning:

An essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain

Synonyms:

carbohydrate; saccharide; sugar

Classified under:

Nouns denoting substances

Hypernyms ("sugar" is a kind of...):

macromolecule; supermolecule (any very large complex molecule; found only in plants and animals)

Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "sugar"):

wood sugar; xylose (a sugar extracted from wood or straw; used in foods for diabetics)

jaggary; jaggery; jagghery (unrefined brown sugar made from palm sap)

polyose; polysaccharide (any of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules)

oligosaccharide (any of the carbohydrates that yield only a few monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis)

monosaccharide; monosaccharose; simple sugar (a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates)

maple sugar (sugar made from the sap of the sugar maple tree)

invert sugar (a mixture of equal parts of glucose and fructose resulting from the hydrolysis of sucrose; found naturally in fruits; sweeter than glucose)

deoxyribose (a sugar that is a constituent of nucleic acids)

cane sugar (sucrose obtained from sugar cane)

beet sugar (sugar made from sugar beets)

ribose (a pentose sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid)

 II. (verb) 

Sense 1

Meaning:

Sweeten with sugar

Example:

sugar your tea

Synonyms:

saccharify; sugar

Classified under:

Verbs of seeing, hearing, feeling

Hypernyms (to "sugar" is one way to...):

dulcify; dulcorate; edulcorate; sweeten (make sweeter in taste)

Sentence frame:

Somebody ----s something

Derivation:

sugar (a white crystalline carbohydrate used as a sweetener and preservative)

Credits

 Context examples: 

Experiments as part of the study showed that the APOE3ch variant may reduce the ability of APOE to bind to certain sugars called heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG).

(Unique case of disease resistance reveals possible Alzheimer’s treatment, National Institutes of Health)

This protein may play a role in the regulation of sugar transport, protein localization and signal transduction.

(Astrocytic Phosphoprotein PEA-15, NCI Thesaurus)

A drug that helps control the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood and is being studied in the prevention and treatment of some types of cancer.

(Avandia, NCI Dictionary)

The endocrine pancreas makes insulin so that the body can use glucose (sugar) for energy.

(Pancreas, NCI Thesaurus)

It produces juices that help break down food and hormones that help control blood sugar levels.

(Pancreatic Diseases, NIH)

They include growth problems (in children), obesity (in adults), hair loss, slow heart rate, low blood sugar, low blood pressure, fatigue, and problems with reproduction.

(Panhypopituitarism, NCI Dictionary)

This gene may play a role in signal transduction, sugar transport and protein localization.

(PEA15 Gene, NCI Thesaurus)

Depending on the sugars added, there are four common O-glycan core structures, cores 1 through 4, and an additional four, cores 5 though 8.

(O-Glycan Biosynthesis Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/KEGG)

A protein/sugar compound made by some cancer cells.

(Mucin/peptide, NCI Dictionary)

A rare, overgrowth disorder in which babies are large at birth and may develop low blood sugar.

(Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, NCI Dictionary)

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