| / English Dictionary |
SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE
| Pronunciation (US): |  | (GB): | |
I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen
Example:
oxygen free radicals are normally removed in our bodies by the superoxide dismutase enzymes
Synonyms:
Classified under:
Hypernyms ("superoxide dismutase" is a kind of...):
enzyme (any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions)
Context examples:
Neuroprotective genes activated by NF-kB include the anti-oxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase and calbindin-D28k.
(Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
A known inhibitor of superoxide dismutase, this agent can either potentiate or protect against cell oxidative damage caused by ionizing radiation, depending on the time of administration.
(Ditiocarb, NCI Thesaurus)
This agent also upregulates the expression of transcription coactivator PGC-1alpha and modulates hepatic enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), superoxide dismutase and glutathion peroxidase.
(Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate, NCI Thesaurus)
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) converts highly reactive and damaging superoxide free radicals to peroxides that are less reactive than superoxide but stimulate apoptosis.
(Free Radical Induced Apoptosis Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
This induces the expression of a number of cytoprotective genes, including NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), sulfiredoxin 1 (Srxn1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO1, HMOX1), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), thioredoxin reductase-1 (TXNRD1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (Gclc) and glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (Gclm), and increases the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH).
(Nrf2 Activator RTA 408, NCI Thesaurus)
One of the downstream actions of IGF-1 signaling is to repress stress resistance proteins including antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase and heat shock proteins, so a reduction in IGF signaling may extend lifespan by increasing the expression of stress resistance genes.
(Longevity Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/BIOCARTA)
This species is non-spore forming, indole and superoxide dismutase negative, hydrolyzes esculin, reduces nitrate, does not produce lysine decarboxylase, and is the only member of the genus to have equimolar ratios of mesolanthionine and diaminopimelic acids within the cell membrane.
(Fusobacterium mortiferum, NCI Thesaurus)
In addition to its roles as an enzyme cofactor for cytochrome C oxidase and superoxide dismutase, copper forms complexes with the thiocarbamate disulfiram (DSF) forming DSF-copper complexes, which enhances the DSF-mediated inhibition of the 26S proteasome; proteasome inhibition may result in inhibition of cellular protein degradation, cessation of cell cycle progression, inhibition of cellular proliferation, and the induction of apoptosis in susceptible tumor cell populations.
(Copper Gluconate, NCI Thesaurus)
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