SYNDROME

Pronunciation (US): (GB):

I. (noun)

Sense 1

Meaning:

A complex of concurrent things

Example:

every word has a syndrome of meanings

Classified under:

Nouns denoting cognitive processes and contents

Hypernyms ("syndrome" is a kind of...):

complex; composite (a conceptual whole made up of complicated and related parts)

Sense 2

Meaning:

A pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease

Classified under:

Nouns denoting stable states of affairs

Hypernyms ("syndrome" is a kind of...):

symptom ((medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease)

Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "syndrome"):

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (syndrome consisting of intractable peptic ulceration with gastric hypersecretion and hyperacidity)

Williams syndrome (a rare congenital disorder associated with deletion of genetic material in chromosome 7; characterized by mental deficiency and some growth deficiency and elfin faces but an overly social personality and a remarkable gift for vocabulary)

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (syndrome associated with bacterial meningitis; marked by sudden high fever and skin discoloration and petechiae with hemorrhage into the adrenal glands and cardiovascular collapse)

toxic shock; toxic shock syndrome; TSS (syndrome resulting from a serious acute (sometimes fatal) infection associated with the presence of staphylococcus; characterized by fever and diarrhea and nausea and diffuse erythema and shock; occurs especially in menstruating women using highly absorbent tampons)

Fallot's syndrome; Fallot's tetralogy; tetralogy of Fallot (a congenital heart defect producing cyanosis; characterized by four symptoms: pulmonary stenosis and ventricular septal defect and malposition of the aorta over both ventricles and hypertrophy of the right ventricle)

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome; Tourette's syndrome (neurological disorder characterized by facial grimaces and tics and movements of the upper body and grunts and shouts and coprolalia)

Tietze's syndrome (syndrome characterized by swelling of rib cartilage (causing pain))

thoracic outlet syndrome (tingling sensations in the fingers; caused by compression on a nerve supplying the arm)

apyretic tetanus; intermittent cramp; intermittent tetanus; tetanilla; tetany (clinical neurological syndrome characterized by muscular twitching and cramps and (when severe) seizures; associated with calcium deficiency (hypoparathyroidism) or vitamin D deficiency or alkalosis)

scalenus syndrome (discomfort and vascular symptoms and loss of sensation in a shoulder and arm; caused by a scalene muscle compressing the subclavian artery and part of the brachial plexus)

Reye's syndrome (acquired encephalopathy following acute viral infections (especially influenza or chicken pox) in young children; characterized by fever, vomiting, disorientation, coma, and fatty infiltration of the liver)

Ekbom syndrome; restless legs; restless legs syndrome (feeling of uneasiness and restlessness in the legs after going to bed (sometimes causing insomnia); may be relieved temporarily by walking or moving the legs)

Reiter's disease; Reiter's syndrome (an inflammatory syndrome (etiology unknown) predominantly in males; characterized by arthritis and conjunctivitis and urethritis)

Ramsay Hunt syndrome (syndrome resulting from infection by the herpes varicella zoster virus; characterized by vertigo and pain in the ears and facial nerve paralysis and sometimes hearing loss)

radiation; radiation sickness; radiation syndrome (syndrome resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation (e.g., exposure to radioactive chemicals or to nuclear explosions); low doses cause diarrhea and nausea and vomiting and sometimes loss of hair; greater exposure can cause sterility and cataracts and some forms of cancer and other diseases; severe exposure can cause death within hours)

PMS; premenstrual syndrome (a syndrome that occurs in many women from 2 to 14 days before the onset of menstruation)

phantom limb syndrome (syndrome consisting of discomfort or pain in a limb that has been amputated)

Noonan's syndrome (syndrome seen only in males; marked by short stature and lowset ears and subnormal fertility)

nephrosis; nephrotic syndrome (a syndrome characterized by edema and large amounts of protein in the urine and usually increased blood cholesterol; usually associated with glomerulonephritis or with a complication of various systemic diseases)

Munchausen's syndrome; Munchausen syndrome (syndrome consisting of feigning acute and dramatic illness for which no clinical evidence is ever found)

malabsorption syndrome (a pattern of symptoms including loss of appetite and bloating and weight loss and muscle pain and steatorrhea; associated with celiac disease and sprue and cystic fibrosis)

Klinefelter's syndrome; Klinefelter syndrome; XXY-syndrome (syndrome in males that is characterized by small testes and long legs and enlarged breasts and reduced sperm production and mental retardation; a genetic defect in which an extra X chromosome (XXY) is present in the male)

Gulf War syndrome; Persian Gulf illness (a medical condition of uncertain origin that affected many veterans of the 1991 Gulf War; characterized by fatigue and headache and dizziness and nausea and rashes and joint pain and respiratory disorders)

FAS; fetal alcohol syndrome (a congenital medical condition in which body deformation occurs or facial development or mental ability is impaired because the mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy)

Conn's syndrome (disturbances in saltwater balance and symptoms of weakness and muscular cramps and twitching and convulsions and sometimes paralysis; usually caused by a benign tumor of the cortex of the adrenal gland that leads to excess secretion of aldosterone)

Chinese restaurant syndrome (headache and tingling or burning feelings and sweating caused by eating food that contains monosodium glutamate)

cervical disc syndrome; cervical root syndrome (an abnormal condition resulting from compression of spinal nerve roots in the neck region; involves neck pains and muscular weakness and paresthesia)

Horner's syndrome (a pattern of symptoms occurring as a result of damage to nerves in the cervical region of the spine (drooping eyelids and constricted pupils and absence of facial sweating))

ADD; ADHD; attention deficit disorder; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; hyperkinetic syndrome; MBD; minimal brain damage; minimal brain dysfunction (a condition (mostly in boys) characterized by behavioral and learning disorders)

autism ((psychiatry) an abnormal absorption with the self; marked by communication disorders and short attention span and inability to treat others as people)

Holonyms ("syndrome" is a part of...):

disease (an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning)

Credits

Context examples:

There are several types of MEN syndrome, and patients with each type may develop different types of cancer.

(MEN syndrome, NCI Dictionary)

The scientists investigated the genetic basis of the syndrome.

(Gene linked to rare inflammatory disease in children, NIH)

It may present de novo or follow a myelodysplastic syndrome.

(Acute Myeloid Leukemia with inv(3)(q21q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21;q26.2); RPN1-EVI1, NCI Thesaurus)

Kastner and his team worked to find a treatment for CRIA syndrome.

(Researchers discover new autoinflammatory disease and uncover its biological cause, National Institutes of Health)

ACVRL1 deficiency causes hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2, which is also also known as Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome 2.

(ACVRL1 wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)

Deficiency in CoQ10 is a syndrome featuring very diverse clinical manifestations.

(A new pharmacological therapy against a severe kind of deficiency in Coenzyme Q10, University of Granada)

Exercise is known to improve how the body manages blood sugar levels and thereby reduce the risk of type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in non-pregnant women.

(Exercise in pregnancy improves health of obese mothers by restoring their tissues, University of Cambridge)

An acute myeloid leukemia developing in patients with a prior history of myelodysplastic syndrome.

(Acute Myeloid Leukemia Arising from Previous Myelodysplastic Syndrome, NCI Thesaurus)

A chromosomal translocation t(5;12)(q31;p13) of this gene with the ETV6 gene is associated with myelodysplastic syndrome with basophilia, acute myelogenous leukemia with eosinophilia, and acute eosinophilic leukemia.

(ACSL6 wt Allele, NCI Thesaurus)

Meningeal syndrome may be caused by blood, cancer cells, or substances from the breakdown of cancer cells that get into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).